Top 5 Features to Know About Sjögren’s Syndrome

Top 5 Features to Know About Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks its own moisture-producing glands, leading to a range of symptoms that can affect daily life. Understanding its core features is essential for managing the condition effectively. Here are the top 5 things to know about Sjögren’s syndrome.

1. Dry Eyes and Mouth Are Key Symptoms

The hallmark symptoms of Sjögren’s syndrome are dryness, primarily in the eyes and mouth. In this condition, the body attacks the glands responsible for producing saliva and tears, resulting in what’s called “sicca symptoms.” This can lead to discomfort, difficulty swallowing, and even complications like dental decay due to lack of saliva. Similarly, dry eyes may cause itching, burning, or a gritty sensation, impacting daily activities and overall comfort.

2. It’s More Than Just Dryness

While dryness is the main symptom, Sjögren’s syndrome can affect other organs and systems as well. Fatigue and joint pain are commonly reported by patients, making this condition easy to confuse with other autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Some people with Sjögren’s may experience complications in organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and liver, while others might develop skin rashes or neuropathy, a condition that impacts the nerves.

3. Primary vs. Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s syndrome is categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome occurs independently, while secondary Sjögren’s develops alongside another autoimmune disorder, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. This distinction is essential for treatment and management, as secondary Sjögren’s may involve different approaches to address overlapping autoimmune symptoms.

4. Diagnosing Sjögren’s Can Be Complex

Diagnosing Sjögren’s syndrome can be challenging because symptoms overlap with other conditions, and there’s no single definitive test. Often, healthcare providers will use a combination of blood tests, which look for specific antibodies like anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La, along with salivary gland biopsies, Schirmer’s test for tear production, and other specialized exams. Given the condition’s complexity, an early and accurate diagnosis can be critical for effective symptom management.

5. Treatment Focuses on Symptom Management

There is no cure for Sjögren’s syndrome, but treatment primarily aims to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Over-the-counter artificial tears, saliva substitutes, and even prescription medications can help alleviate dryness. Additionally, medications like hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants may be prescribed to manage fatigue, joint pain, and other systemic symptoms. Lifestyle adjustments, such as staying hydrated, using a humidifier, and regular dental care, also play a significant role in managing the condition.

Conclusion

Sjögren’s syndrome may be a complex condition, but understanding its key features is the first step toward effective management. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms that could indicate Sjögren’s, early consultation with a healthcare provider can make a big difference in managing the syndrome and maintaining quality of life.